Life on Land
SDG 15 Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss
Human life depends on the earth as much as the ocean for our sustenance and livelihoods. Plant life provides 80 percent of the human diet, and we rely on agriculture as an important economic resources. Forests cover 30 percent of the Earth’s surface, provide vital habitats for millions of species, and important sources for clean air and water, as well as being crucial for combating climate change.
Forest Area
Target
15.1 By 2020, ensure the conservation, restoration and sustainable use of terrestrial and inland freshwater ecosystems and their services
15.1.1 Forest area as proportion of land area
Arab Region
2020
2.8
٪ of land area was forest
-0.53 % since 2000
Latin America & Caribbean
2020
46.7
٪ of land area was forest
-0.40 % since 2000
World
2020
31.2
٪ of land area was forest
-0.11 % since 2000
Freshwater KBAs Protected Areas
Target
15.1 By 2020, ensure the conservation, restoration and sustainable use of terrestrial and inland freshwater ecosystems and their services
15.1.2 Proportion of important sites forfreshwater biodiversity that are covered by protected areas, by ecosystem type
Arab Region
2025
28.4
٪ of KBAs were freshwater protect areas
4 % since 2000
Europe
2024
63.0
٪ of KBAs were freshwater protect areas
2 % since 2000
World
2024
43.7
٪ of KBAs were freshwater protect areas
2 % since 2000
Terrestrial KBAs Protected Areas
Target
15.1 By 2020, ensure the conservation, restoration and sustainable use of terrestrial and inland freshwater ecosystems and their services
15.1.2 Proportion of important sites for terrestrial biodiversity that are covered by protected areas, by ecosystem type
Arab Region
2025
30.2
٪ of KBAs were terrestrial protect areas
4 % since 2000
Europe
2024
67.5
٪ of KBAs were terrestrial protect areas
2 % since 2000
World
2024
44.6
٪ of KBAs were terrestrial protect areas
2 % since 2000
Change in Forests
Target
15.2 By 2020, promote the implementation of sustainable management of all types of forests, and substantially increase afforestation and reforestation globally
15.2.1 Forest area net change rate
Arab Region
2020
-0.634
٪ of net change in forest area
-2 % since 2010
Europe
2020
0.03
٪ of net change in forest area
-12 % since 2010
World
2020
-0.12
٪ of net change in forest area
0.73 % since 2010
Forest Management
Target
15.2 By 2020, promote the implementation of sustainable management of all types of forests, halt deforestation, restore degraded forests and substantially increase afforestation and reforestation globally
15.2.1 Proportion of forest area with a long-term management plan
Arab Region
2020
33.4
٪ of forest area was with a long-term management plan
3 % since 2000
Europe
2020
96.6
٪ of forest area was with a long-term management plan
0.04 % since 2000
World
2020
58.3
٪ of forest area was with a long-term management plan
0.57 % since 2000
Protected Forests
Target
15.2 By 2020, promote the implementation of sustainable management of all types of forests, halt deforestation, restore degraded forests and substantially increase afforestation and reforestation globally
15.2.1 Proportion of forest area within legally established protected areas
Arab Region
2020
18.1
٪ of legally established protected areas were forest
2 % since 2000
Europe
2020
4.5
٪ of legally established protected areas were forest
2 % since 2000
World
2020
17.8
٪ of legally established protected areas were forest
1 % since 2000
Degraded Land
Target
15.3 By 2030, combat desertification, restore degraded land and soil, including land affected by desertification, drought and floods, and strive to achieve a land degradationneutral world
15.3.1 Proportion of land that is degraded over total land area
Arab Region
2019
8.7
٪ of land area was degraded
21 % since 2015
Europe
2019
12.8
٪ of land area was degraded
3 % since 2015
World
2019
15.5
٪ of land area was degraded
7 % since 2015
Mountain KBAs Protected Areas
Target
15.4 By 2030, ensure the conservation of mountain ecosystems, including their biodiversity
15.4.1 Coverage by protected areas of important sites for mountain biodiversity
Arab Region
2025
26.9
٪ of KBAs were mountain protect areas
3 % since 2000
Europe
2024
69.7
٪ of KBAs were mountain protect areas
2 % since 2000
World
2024
41.4
٪ of KBAs were mountain protect areas
2 % since 2000
Degraded Mountain Land
Target
15.4 By 2030, ensure the conservation of mountain ecosystems, including their biodiversity
15.4.2 Proportion of degraded mountain land
Arab Region
2021
3.1
٪ of mountain land was degraded
6 % since 2015
Europe
2021
3
٪ of mountain land was degraded
3 % since 2015
World
2021
3.6
٪ of mountain land was degraded
5 % since 2015
Mountain Green Cover
Target
15.4 By 2030, ensure the conservation of mountain ecosystems, including their biodiversity
15.4.2 Mountain Green Cover Index
Arab Region
2021
37.5
٪ was the mountain green cover index
-0.15 % since 2000
Europe
2021
94.6
٪ was the mountain green cover index
-0.01 % since 2000
World
2021
82.2
٪ was the mountain green cover index
-0.04 % since 2000
Red List Index
Target
15.5 Take urgent and significant action to reduce the degradation of natural habitats, halt the loss of biodiversity and, by 2020, protect and prevent the extinction of threatened species
15.5.1 Red List Index
Arab Region
2024
0.884
was the red list index
-0.25 % since 2000
Europe
2024
0.829
was the red list index
-0.39 % since 2000
World
2024
0.721
was the red list index
-0.42 % since 2000
Access & Benefit-Sharing Clearing-House
Target
15.6 Promote fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources and promote appropriate access to such resources as internationally agreed
15.6.1 Countries that have legislative, administrative and policy framework or measures reported to the Access and Benefit-Sharing Clearing-House
Arab Region
2024
31.8
٪ of countries reported to the Access and Benefit-Sharing Clearing-House
4 % since 2021
Europe
2024
53.8
٪ of countries reported to the Access and Benefit-Sharing Clearing-House
100 % since 2021
World
2024
39.2
٪ of countries reported to the Access and Benefit-Sharing Clearing-House
3 % since 2021
Nagoya Protocol
Target
15.6 Promote fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources and promote appropriate access to such resources as internationally agreed
15.6.1 Countries that are parties to the Nagoya Protocol
Arab Region
2024
72.7
٪ of countries were contracting parties to Nagoya treaty
3 % since 2021
Europe
2024
57.7
٪ of countries were contracting parties to Nagoya treaty
2 % since 2021
World
2024
72.7
٪ of countries were contracting parties to Nagoya treaty
2 % since 2021
Online Reporting System
Target
15.6 Promote fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources and promote appropriate access to such resources as internationally agreed
15.6.1 Countries reporting on Compliance of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (PGRFA) through the Online Reporting System
Arab Region
2024
63.6
٪ of countries reported through the Online Reporting System on PGRFA
34 % since 2016
Europe
2024
50
٪ of countries reported through the Online Reporting System on PGRFA
14 % since 2016
World
2024
50
٪ of countries reported through the Online Reporting System on PGRFA
26 % since 2016
PGRFA
Target
15.6 Promote fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources and promote appropriate access to such resources as internationally agreed
15.6.1 Countries that are contracting Parties to the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (PGRFA)
Arab Region
2024
90.9
٪ of countries were contracting parties to PGRFA treaty
1 % since 2012
Europe
2024
65.4
٪ of countries were contracting parties to PGRFA treaty
0.71 % since 2012
World
2024
77.8
٪ of countries were contracting parties to PGRFA treaty
1 % since 2012
National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP)
Target
15.8 By 2020, introduce measures to prevent the introduction and significantly reduce the impact of invasive alien species on land and water ecosystems and control or eradicate the priority species
15.8.1 Proportion of countries adopting relevant national legislation and adequately resourcing the prevention or control of invasive alien species
Arab Region
2022
72.7
٪ of countries with National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP)
3 % since 2016
Europe
2022
86
٪ of countries with National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP)
0 % since 2016
World
2022
86.7
٪ of countries with National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP)
2 % since 2016
Aichi Biodiversity
Target
15.9 By 2020, integrate ecosystem and biodiversity values into national and local planning, development processes, poverty reduction strategies and accounts
15.9.1 (a) Countries that have established national targets in accordance with or similar to Aichi Biodiversity Target 2 of the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011–2020 in their national biodiversity strategy and action plans and the progress reported towards these targets
Arab Region
2022
13
number of countries that established national target in accordance with Aichi biodiversity Target 2
N/A
Europe
2022
29
number of countries that established national target in accordance with Aichi biodiversity Target 2
N/A
World
2022
145
number of countries that established national target in accordance with Aichi biodiversity Target 2
N/A
SEEA Integrated Biodiversity
Target
15.9 By 2020, integrate ecosystem and biodiversity values into national and local planning, development processes, poverty reduction strategies and accounts
15.9.1 (b) Number of countries that have integration of biodiversity into national accounting and reporting systems, defined as implementation of the SEEA
Arab Region
2024
5
number of countries that established national target in accordance with Aichi biodiversity Target 2
N/A
Europe
2024
38
number of countries that established national target in accordance with Aichi biodiversity Target 2
N/A
World
2024
94
number of countries that established national target in accordance with Aichi biodiversity Target 2
N/A