Resposible Consumption and Production
SDG 12 Seeks to Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns
Achieving economic growth and sustainable development requires that we urgently reduce our ecological footprint by changing the way we produce and consume goods and resources. Agriculture is the biggest user of water worldwide, and irrigation now claims close to 70 percent of all freshwater for human use.
Material Footprint
Target
12.2 By 2030, achieve the sustainable management and efficient use of natural resource
12.2.1 Material footprint material footprint per capita
Arab Region
2023
9.6
Tonnes of product material footprint per capita
2 % since 2000
Europe
2023
15.2
Tonnes of product material footprint per capita
-0.20 % since 2000
World
2023
11.9
Tonnes of product material footprint per capita
1 % since 2000
Material Footprint /GDP
Target
12.2 By 2030, achieve the sustainable management and efficient use of natural resource
12.2.1 Material footprint per unit of GDP
Arab Region
2023
1.5
KG/USD$ was the material footprint per unit of GDP
0.20 % since 2000
Europe
2023
0.515
KG/USD$ was the material footprint per unit of GDP
-2 % since 2000
World
2023
1.0
KG/USD$ was the material footprint per unit of GDP
-0.59 % since 2000
Coal Consumption
Target
12.2 By 2030, achieve the sustainable management and efficient use of natural resource
12.2.2 Domestic coal consumption per capita
Arab Region
2023
0.033
tonnes of coal consumption per capita
2 % since 2000
Europe & North America
2023
0.62
tonnes of coal consumption per capita
-3 % since 2000
World
2023
0.875
tonnes of coal consumption per capita
2 % since 2000
Domestic Consumption
Target
12.2 By 2030, achieve the sustainable management and efficient use of natural resource
12.2.2 Domestic material consumption per capita
Arab Region
2023
9.7
tonnes of domestic consumption per capita
2 % since 2000
Europe & North America
2023
15.3
tonnes of domestic consumption per capita
-0.96 % since 2000
World
2023
11.6
tonnes of domestic consumption per capita
1 % since 2000
Petroleum Consumption /capita
Target
12.2 By 2030, achieve the sustainable management and efficient use of natural resource
12.2.2 Domestic petroleum consumption per capita
Arab Region
2023
1.2
tonnes of petroleum consumption per capita
-0.41 % since 2000
Europe & North America
2023
1.1
tonnes of petroleum consumption per capita
-0.04 % since 2000
World
2023
0.45
tonnes of petroleum consumption per capita
0.11 % since 2000
Coal Consumption /GDP
Target
12.2 By 2030, achieve the sustainable management and efficient use of natural resource
12.2.2 Domestic coal consumption per unit of GDP
Arab Region
2023
0.005
KG/USD$ was the coal consumption per unit of GDP
0.25 % since 2000
Europe & North America
2023
0.015
KG/USD$ was the coal consumption per unit of GDP
-4 % since 2000
World
2023
0.076
KG/USD$ was the coal consumption per unit of GDP
0.16 % since 2000
Domestic Consumption /GDP
Target
12.2 By 2030, achieve the sustainable management and efficient use of natural resource
12.2.2 Domestic material consumption per unit of GDP
Arab Region
2023
1.6
KG/USD$ was the domestic consumption per unit of GDP
0.25 % since 2000
Europe & North America
2023
0.374
KG/USD$ was the domestic consumption per unit of GDP
-2 % since 2000
World
2023
1.0
KG/USD$ was the domestic consumption per unit of GDP
-0.57 % since 2000
Petroleum Consumption /GDP
Target
12.2 By 2030, achieve the sustainable management and efficient use of natural resource
12.2.2 Domestic petroleum consumption per unit of GDP
Arab Region
2023
0.186
KG/USD$ was the petroleum consumption per unit of GDP
-2 % since 2000
Europe & North America
2023
0.026
KG/USD$ was the petroleum consumption per unit of GDP
-1 % since 2000
World
2023
0.039
KG/USD$ was the petroleum consumption per unit of GDP
-2 % since 2000
Food Loss
Target
12.3 By 2030, halve per capita global food waste at the retail and consumer levels and reduce food losses along production and supply chains, including post-harvest losses
12.3.1 (a) Food loss percentage
Arab Region
2021
-0.19 % since 2016
Latin America & Caribbean
2021
3 % since 2016
World
2021
0.29 % since 2016
Food Waste
Target
12.3 By 2030, halve per capita global food waste at the retail and consumer levels and reduce food losses along production and supply chains, including post-harvest losses
12.3.1 (b) food waste index
Arab Region
2022
172.2
KG was the total wasted food per capita
6 % since 2019
Latin America & Caribbean
2022
160.6
KG was the total wasted food per capita
8 % since 2019
World
2022
131.9
KG was the total wasted food per capita
2 % since 2019
Basel Convention
Target
12.4 By 2020, achieve the environmentally sound management of chemicals and all wastes throughout their life cycle and significantly reduce their release to air, water and soil
12.4.1 Number of parties in compliance with Basel Convention
Arab Region
2025
67.3
٪ of countries were compliant
3 % since 2015
Europe
2025
88.4
٪ of countries were compliant
0.79 % since 2015
World
2025
69.6
٪ of countries were compliant
2 % since 2015
Minamata Convention
Target
12.4 By 2020, achieve the environmentally sound management of chemicals and all wastes throughout their life cycle and significantly reduce their release to air, water and soil
12.4.1 Parties meeting their commitments and obligations in transmitting information as required by Minamata Convention on hazardous waste, and other chemicals
Arab Region
2025
53.3
٪ of countries were compliant
N/A
Europe
2025
70.3
٪ of countries were compliant
3 % since 2020
World
2025
61.0
٪ of countries were compliant
1 % since 2020
Montreal Protocol
Target
12.4 By 2020, achieve the environmentally sound management of chemicals and all wastes throughout their life cycle and significantly reduce their release to air, water and soil
12.4.1 Parties meeting their commitments and obligations in transmitting information as required by Montreal Protocol on hazardous waste, and other chemicals
Arab Region
2025
99.1
٪ of countries were compliant
-0.08 % since 2015
Europe
2025
99
٪ of countries were compliant
-0.09 % since 2015
World
2025
100
٪ of countries were compliant
0 % since 2015
Rotterdam Convention
Target
12.4 By 2020, achieve the environmentally sound management of chemicals and all wastes throughout their life cycle and significantly reduce their release to air, water and soil
12.4.1 Number of parties in Compliance with Rotterdam Convention
Arab Region
2025
67.2
٪ of countries were compliant
0.59 % since 2015
Europe
2025
76.2
٪ of countries were compliant
-1 % since 2015
World
2025
72.4
٪ of countries were compliant
0.71 % since 2015
Stockholm Convention
Target
12.4 By 2020, achieve the environmentally sound management of chemicals and all wastes throughout their life cycle and significantly reduce their release to air, water and soil
12.4.1 Number of parties in compliance with Stockholm Convention
Arab Region
2025
49.1
٪ of countries were compliant
2 % since 2015
Europe
2025
64.9
٪ of countries were compliant
-0.94 % since 2015
World
2025
57.4
٪ of countries were compliant
0.55 % since 2015
Electronic Waste Generated
Target
12.4 By 2020, achieve the environmentally sound management of chemicals and all wastes throughout their life cycle and significantly reduce their release to air, water and soil
12.4.2 Electronic waste generated, per capita
Arab Region
2022
6.8
KG electronic waste was generated per capita
3 % since 2010
South Asia
2022
3.1
KG electronic waste was generated per capita
8 % since 2010
World
2022
7.8
KG electronic waste was generated per capita
4 % since 2010
Electronic Waste Recycling
Target
12.5 By 2030, substantially reduce waste generation through prevention, reduction, recycling and reuse
12.5.1 Electronic waste recycling, per capita
Arab Region
2022
0.016
KG electronic waste was recycled per capita
63 % since 2014
West Europe
2022
12.7
KG electronic waste was recycled per capita
4 % since 2014
World
2022
1.7
KG electronic waste was recycled per capita
4 % since 2014
Renewable Electricity Capacity
Target
12.a By 2030, expand infrastructure and upgrade technology for supplying modern and sustainable energy services for all in developing countries, in accordance with their respective programmes of support
12.a.1 Installed renewable energy-generating capacity in developing countries (in watts per capita)
Arab Region
2023
68.0
Watt per capita of generated renewable electricity
4 % since 2000
Latin America & Caribbean
2023
517.8
Watt per capita of generated renewable electricity
3 % since 2000
World
2023
477.7
Watt per capita of generated renewable electricity
6 % since 2000
Hydro Renewable Electricity
Target
12.a By 2030, expand infrastructure and upgrade technology for supplying modern and sustainable energy services for all in developing countries, in accordance with their respective programmes of support
12.a.1 Installed renewable energy-generating capacity in developing countries (in watts per capita)
Arab Region
2023
19.0
Watt per capita of generated renewable electricity
-1 % since 2000
Latin America & Caribbean
2023
305.4
Watt per capita of generated renewable electricity
1 % since 2000
World
2023
156.3
Watt per capita of generated renewable electricity
1 % since 2000
Solar Renewable Electricity
Target
12.a By 2030, expand infrastructure and upgrade technology for supplying modern and sustainable energy services for all in developing countries, in accordance with their respective programmes of support
12.a.1 Installed renewable energy-generating capacity in developing countries (in watts per capita)
Arab Region
2023
37.0
Watt per capita of solar generated renewable electricity
35 % since 2000
Latin America & Caribbean
2023
98.8
Watt per capita of solar generated renewable electricity
39 % since 2000
World
2023
175.3
Watt per capita of solar generated renewable electricity
33 % since 2000
Wind Renewable Electricity
Target
12.a By 2030, expand infrastructure and upgrade technology for supplying modern and sustainable energy services for all in developing countries, in accordance with their respective programmes of support
12.a.1 Installed renewable energy-generating capacity in developing countries (in watts per capita)
Arab Region
2023
11.2
Watt per capita of generated renewable electricity
14 % since 2000
Latin America & Caribbean
2023
74.8
Watt per capita of generated renewable electricity
28 % since 2000
World
2023
125.8
Watt per capita of generated renewable electricity
17 % since 2000
Fossil Fuel /GDP
Target
12.c Rationalize inefficient fossil-fuel subsidies that encourage wasteful consumption
12.c.1 Amount of fossil-fuel subsidies (production and consumption) per unit of GDP
Arab Region
2023
5.7
٪ of GDP was on fossil-fuel pre-tax subsidies
-1 % since 2010
Europe
2023
2.0
٪ of GDP was on fossil-fuel pre-tax subsidies
8 % since 2010
World
2023
1.2
٪ of GDP was on fossil-fuel pre-tax subsidies
2 % since 2010
Fossil Fuel /capita
Target
12.c Rationalize inefficient fossil-fuel subsidies that encourage wasteful consumption
12.c.1 Amount of fossil-fuel subsidies (production and consumption) per capita
Arab Region
2023
355.8
was the fossil-fuel pre-tax subsidies per capita
-0.56 % since 2010
Europe
2023
577.3
was the fossil-fuel pre-tax subsidies per capita
10 % since 2010
World
2023
137.0
was the fossil-fuel pre-tax subsidies per capita
3 % since 2010